Antitumour properties based on the self‐assembly of camptothecin and carbamoylmannose conjugates

Camptothecin (CPT) and its analogues show potent antitumour activity. However, poor water solubility and severe side effects have restricted their applications in clinical practice. In this paper, a novel self‐assembly based on camptothecin and carbamoylmannose conjugates ( CPT‐Man ) was constructed. The self‐assembly increased the water solubility of camptothecin to 0.64 mg/ml and antitumour activity. Moreover, CPT‐Man could induce obvious cancer cell apoptosis. This work provides a new approach for exploring carbohydrate‐modified antitumour properties by self‐assembled CPT drugs.     

芹菜素γ-环糊精包合物的表征和抗氧化活性研究

目的研究芹菜素与γ-环糊精(γ-CD)包合物的制备、表征、包合机制及其抗氧化活性。方法采用加热回流共沉淀法制备芹菜素γ-环糊精包合物,红外光谱法(IR)对形成的包合物进行表征,荧光光谱法测定包合物的包合常数(K)和包合比(n);荧光光谱法和核磁共振法(NMR)研究芹菜素与γ-CD在溶液中形成的包合物;双倒数曲线法研究包合前后对自由基1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH·)的清除率。结果在不同的pH值溶液中,γ-CD对芹菜素具有不同的包合能力,γ-CD最适合在中性介质中与芹菜素形成包合物,在实验浓度范围内按1∶1形成包合物,包合比为1236,包合物对自由基DPPH·的清除活性更强;NMR确定包合物的结构。结论在实验条件下,芹菜素分子从γ-CD大口端进入到空腔内形成稳定的包合物,且抗氧化活性增加。     

某院门诊患者居家药学服务需求问卷调查数据分析

目的：了解门诊患者对药师居家药学服务的需求,为药师开展居家药学服务提供依据。方法：现场问卷调查 120 名取药患者,共 11 道选择题,内容包括患者的人口学资料、对目前药学服务的满意度及居家药学服务的需求等。 结果：大部分患者都愿意药师为其提供居家药学服务。结论：在新医改背景下,药师需要提升自身专业素质并通过开展 居家药学服务,为患者提供更全面的药学服务。     

重症超声在呼吸机撤离中的应用进展和展望

脱机困难在危重症患者中很常见,长时间机械通气及脱机失败均会影响患者的临床结局,如何更好地促成和达成呼吸机的尽早撤离(脱机),是非常重要的课题.重症超声作为重要结构、功能、形态的多维监测手段,可对心脏、肺、膈肌等重要环节的状态和储备能力进行全方位的评估,有助于提升对呼吸环路中核心环节的了解和掌握,在脱机评估及导向治疗中具有重要价值.该文将对重症超声在脱机过程中的应用进行综述.     

常规超声定量评估骨龄

目的 与X线评估骨化率（OR）对比,评价常规超声评估标准骨龄（BA）的价值及其简易方法。方法 对215例患者（男88例,女127例）于1周内先后行左手及腕部X线检查和超声检查,测量桡骨、尺骨,第1、3、5掌骨,第1、3、5近节指骨,第3、5中节指骨及第1、3、5远节指骨共13块骨骼的骨化中心及骨骺长径,计算各目标骨骨化中心与骨骺长径之比,获得其OR及BA,分析OR与BA的相关性。结果 男、女性患者各目标骨的OR与BA呈中-高度相关（r_男为0.77~0.94,r_女为0.77~0.93,P均<0.001）,13块骨骼的OR总和与BA呈高度相关（r_男=0.96,r_女=0.96,P均<0.001）,桡骨、尺骨OR总和与BA呈高度相关（r_男=0.95,r_女=0.95,P均<0.001）。结论 常规超声具有定量评估BA的潜在价值;仅测量桡骨及尺骨或可作为超声评估BA的简易方法。     

Elevated antigen-specific Th2 type response is associated with the poor prognosis of hand,foot and mouth disease

The immunopathogenesis of severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) remains elusive. This study revealed that enterovirus 71 (EV71) epitope-specific CD4+ T cell responses of HFMD patients were skewed toward a Th2 cytokine profile. Patients that demonstrated higher levels of IL-4 expression in their CD4 T cells following antigen stimulation in vitro tended to have a more prolonged period of high fevers and a longer duration of illness. Thus, an increase of EV71 epitope-specific Th2 type response may portend the poor prognosis for some HFMD patients.     

Impact of tissue processing,archiving and enrichment techniques on DNA methylation yield in rectal carcinoma

Background

Formalin fixation, duration of tissue storage and tissue enrichment techniques can affect DNA methylation yield but these effects have not been quantitatively measured. The aim is to investigate the relative impact of these conditions on DNA methylation in rectal cancer.

Methods

10 rectal cancers with matched undissected fresh frozen tissues, laser capture microdissected (LCM) formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues, manual macrodissected FFPE tissues, adjacent normal mucosa and stromal tissues were analysed for APC and LINE-1 methylation using bisulphite pyrosequencing.

Results

FFPE cancer tissues, which had been stored for at least 4 years showed similar APC and LINE-1 methylation changes to matched fresh frozen cancer tissues. Laser capture microdissection did not increase the degree of methylation detected compared to manual macrodissection. Analysis of stromal tissues showed that they had undergone significant methylation changes compared to adjacent macroscopically normal mucosa, but not to the same extent as cancer tissues.

Conclusion

Reliable DNA methylation results can be obtained from FFPE rectal cancer tissues, which have been in long-term storage. Because only minor differences in methylation between macrodissected and LCM cancer tissues were found, our results do not support the routine use of LCM to enrich for cancer cells for DNA methylation studies.     

The Effect of Osteochondral Regeneration Using Polymer Constructs and Continuous Passive Motion Therapy in the Lower Weight-Bearing Zone of Femoral Trocheal Groove in Rabbits

Remedying patellofemoral osteochondral defects using clinical therapy remains challenging. Construct-based and cell-based regenerative medicine with in vitro physical stimuli has been progressively implemented. However, the effect of physical stimuli in situ in knee joints with degradable constructs is still not well-documented. Therefore, we studied whether it was practical to achieve articular cartilage repair using a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) construct in addition to early short-term continuous passive motion (CPM) for treatment of full-thickness osteochondral defects in the lower-weigh bearing (LWB) zone of the femoral trocheal groove. Twenty-six rabbits were randomly allocated into either intermittent active motion (IAM) or CPM treatment groups with or without PLGA constructs, termed PLGA construct-implanted (PCI) and empty defect knee models, respectively. Gross observation, histology, inflammatory cells, which were identified using H&E staining, total collagen and alignment, studied qualitatively using Masson’s trichrome staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG), identified using Alcian blue staining, and newly formed bone, observed using micro-CT, were evaluated at 4 and 12 weeks after surgery. Repair of osteochondral defects in the PCI-CPM group was more promising than all other groups. The better osteochondral defect repair in the PCI-CPM group corresponded to smooth cartilage surfaces, no inflammatory reaction, hyaline cartilaginous tissues composition, sound collagen alignment with positive collagen type II expression, higher GAG content, mature bone regeneration with osteocyte, clear tidemark formation, and better degradation of PLGA. In summary, the use of a simple PLGA construct coupled with passive motion promotes positive healing and may be a promising clinical intervention for osteochondral regeneration in LWB defects.